An Oppressed Group that American Progressives Have Not Addressed
Working class women are among the
most disadvantaged and oppressed people in America, but we progressives
have failed to speak clearly and persuasively to the issues that affect them. Working
class women are of all
races: they are Black, Latino, Asian and White. They live in big cities, in
towns and in the country. They are oppressed by an economy that is rigged
against them and by the effects of racism and sexism.
Working class women are a ready-made constituency for progressive political
parties, but we have not spoken to them directly or clearly. Women
are already more likely than men to identify as Democrats, but that
difference is less pronounced among working class women than among
college-educated women. We can change that if we focus on the needs of working
class women.
The Poverty of Working Class Women
Our economy depends on the poverty of working class women. They work
the check-out stands at Walmart; they clean the rooms at hotels; they wait on
customers in cafes and diners; they care for old people in nursing homes. And
when they leave work in the evening, they go home to fix dinner for their
children.
Why are working class women so poor? First, they are poor because – due
to historic discriminatory pay policies – they have always earned
less than men. In addition, their low incomes have made them especially
vulnerable to our
country’s recent redistribution of income from working people to the very
rich. Women are far more
likely than men to depend on food stamps to feed their families.
Working class women have lost much of the social support that their families
used to provide. In the past, most women lived with their parents until they
married and went to live with their husbands. Many women lived on farms, where
they worked with their husbands on the land. Today, most of us live in cities,
and even in rural areas, the farming that used to be the basis of people’s
lives has mostly disappeared. The
average age of farmers in our country is 58, while the number of farms has
fallen from more than 6 million in 1935 to about 2 million in 2016. Rural
communities can no longer provide the social support that they once provided,
and the fathers who used to lead the families in their struggles have too often
disappeared leaving the women alone.
The harsh lives of working class women have been well documented by social scientists.
Working
class women are less likely to marry than middle or upper class women and more
likely to be divorced. This exacerbates their poverty because a two-income
family can generally be better off than a family with only one income. The harshness of these women’s lives is
beautifully expressed in Terri Clark’s song “She Didn’t Have Time.” Working
class women are also more likely than middle or upper class women to suffer
from domestic violence, and getting out of a violent marriage requires a
lot of courage, as Martina McBride tells us in “Independence Day.”
They Know They Are Suffering
Working class women are well aware of their suffering, and they are
angry about it. We can see their anger in the huge popularity of the many songs
by Black and White artists that document the selfishness and unreliability of
the men in their lives. The YouTube video of Jo Dee Messina’s song, “My Give a Damn’s Busted”
has had more than 2 million views; Martina McBride’s “Independence Day” has
had more than 7 million; Sunshine Anderson’s “Heard It All Before”
more than 9 million; Rihanna’s “Take a Bow” more than 11
million; and The Dixie Chicks’ “Goodbye, Earl” has had more than 19 million
views.)
These songs show us the anger that the women feel but do not lead them
to understand the ways that their suffering is increased by government policies.
The songs do not show how political action could reduce the suffering. Political action cannot make the men in their
lives less violent or more reliable, but it can make the lives of the women
easier by helping them to earn more, to live better and to be more secure. It is up to political progressives to make
that case.
Progressives Must Speak Directly to the Concerns of Working Class Women
Working class women of all races are a ready-made constituency for
American progressives, but we have failed to speak to them directly and openly.
We propose policies that have the potential to improve the lot of such women, but
we do not explain why women should support those policies, and we do not link
them to basic, moral imperatives.
What should we do?
First, we need to liberate the term “working class” from its association
with White people. We should stop using the phrase “white working class” and make
it clear that the working class includes people of all races and that all of
them are oppressed. Some may be more oppressed than others because of the
effects of racism, but all are oppressed by sexism and by an economy that is
rigged against them.
Second, we need to say loudly and clearly that:
- It is wrong that working class women of all races should suffer and that the rest of us should pay no attention.
- It is wrong that our economy should be based on the oppression and poverty of women.
- It is wrong that so many children should grow up in families that – at best – struggle to provide them with things that middle class children take for granted: a good breakfast in the morning, a warm, winter coat, health care.
- It is wrong that we as a society are wasting so much of our human potential.
Third, we need to frame our policy prescriptions in terms of these
moral principles. We should say that:
- The minimum wage should be raised so that single women with children can earn enough to support themselves and their children.
- We need national health insurance so that women do not have choose between taking a child to the doctor and buying gas to get to work.
- We should offer inexpensive daycare for small children so that their mothers can go to work.
- We should provide more affordable housing so that working class women do not need to pay more than half their incomes for inadequate housing.
- We should offer free tuition at community and technical colleges so that young women can pull themselves up out of poverty.
- We should protect Roe v. Wade and broad access to sex education because unwanted pregnancies push women down into poverty.
We need to say these things over and over and over.
This is a program that cuts across racial lines. Both Black and White
women both suffer from the oppression of women in our society, and immigrant
women are among the most oppressed in the working class. A program that raises up working class women
will help people of all races.
This program also cuts across the divide between urban and rural
America. Some of our poorest women live in rural areas, and a program to help
women will help them as much as their sisters in the cities.
A political party that can appeal to and activate so broad a
constituency will surely be a winner.
